The word 'aql comes from meaningful aqala binding, restrain, prevent (Munawwir, 2002). While akal'aql said in the Qur'an related to efforts to analyze the rights and falsehood (Surat az-Zumar: 18), take a lesson from an event (Surat az-Zumar: 21), understand the universe and its contents (Surat al-Baqarah: verse 164 dams. Al-Imran: 190-191), understanding the dynamics of the process of life (Surat al-Hajj: 46), understand the power of Allah SWT (Surat al-Shura ': 28), understand the netherworld (Surat al-Mulk: 10), understand the Qur'an (Surah Yusuf: 2), understand the meaning of faith (Surat al-Baqarah: 76), and so forth.
Based on the above considerations it can be concluded that the reason is something that can be used to determine whether a state of concrete and abstract, which occurred in the past, present, nor things to come, the good and the bad, and the rights and falsehood . In brief, Imam Al-Mawardy in his book Adab al-Dunya wa al-Dien said that reason can know the nature of things and can discern what is good and what is bad. Ghafur (2005) adds that something concrete nature can be understood by the mind and the abstract nature of the liver. Mind and heart is an instrument of reason as the spiritual power to understand the truth.
According to Al-Mawardy (1992) there are two kinds of reason, namely gharizy and common sense muktasab. gharizy reason is the real reason, which limits a person subject to the law taklif (charging), who did not experience the addition or subtraction, the difference between humans and animals, and humans have been perfect as the reason he later described as men of thought.
According to the most authentic opinion, that reason has crystallized knowledge gained without going through the search process. Such a model science there are two kinds, namely first, something that gained because of the sensing process, for example, obtained by viewing the sights, sounds by hearing, taste, the feel, smell the smell, and touch the body with. Secondly, something that already exists in the soul, as knowing that something can not be separated from the name there and gone, there is something that can not be separated from the old and new name, the absurdity of it gathered the pros and cons, and the name once more less than two. All that is something that can not be separated from every person who understands the situation perfectly healthy and his mind.
The sense function is to restrain rampant lust bad. Amir ibn Abd al-Qais says:
"When your mind stop you from doing something improper, then you had people who understand"
Prophet Muhammad said:
"The mind is the light of heart, which can distinguish between right and falsehood"
Allah SWT says:
"So if they do not walk the earth, and they have hearts with which they can understand" (Surat al-Hijjr: 46)
The verse that shows two things: First, that the reason that science. Second, place in the heart.
While reasonable muktasab a reasonable result from the development gharizy, the peak of knowledge, sound policies, the orientation of thought, and there is no limit because he developed his definition, if actualized, and decreases wasted.
This muktasab sense closer understanding with the knowledge that is always experienced in a linear growth if continued well honed. He not only can know and understand it, but also able to create something new. Some language experts describe:
"The experiment is the mirror of reason and its fruit was negligent stupidity"
So it was reasonable muktasab will continue to grow and prosper and if more and more frequent exercise. With more and often do exercise so he will be more experienced.
Did you know that it was reasonable for the owner's jewelry?
and will be perfectly reasonable but that the length of experience
According to Al-Farabi sense has three of its ability hierarchy, namely: First, the sense of potential. this sense have the ability to let go / say meanings or forms of matter. Second, the actual reason. He has the ability to catch the meaning out of material. Third, mustafad reason. Intellect mustafad has the ability to catch the meaning and pure form outside of human nature.
Reasonable since the beginning of being predisposed to think of material nature. This tendency manifests and then became an actuality in the nature of matter. For that reason, he considers that the actual reason is not an immaterial substance, but such a capability in the material, as well as mental abilities low.
Sense of potential changes to the actual reason was then made one start gaining knowledge about the concepts or universal forms. This occurs because the actualization of the active mind (reason emergency emanating God) sends light to the human mind, which then have the ability to abstract objects that can arrest the senses, then stored and embodied in human memory. This abstraction process gave birth to something intelligible or concepts that are universal. The process of abstraction to be described as a intelligibles actual existence, a concept of reality that can be understood by reason. Al-Farabi argued that every thing that can be understood by the mind can ponder the actual reason by visualizing the senses. Through this ability, he can know himself. When our minds become self intelligible (able to understand themselves) as well as intellective self (self contemplation) and became a form of the original reason he became mustafad (Rahman, 2003).
That brief description of the reason. Thus, reason is one component of the soul which only granted to humans. Through reason, man can reveal the nature of things, both concrete and abstract to then serve as a universal concept. After that, people can understand where something is good and the bad, and what is right and falsehood. Thus, when humans face a problem then he can react in a wise and prudent.
Very interesting!